See duke on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "archduke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beduke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Duke blue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duke cherry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Duke City"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukedom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Duke of Norfolk's Island"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Duke of York's Island"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Dukes County"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukeship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dukicide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grand duke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grand dukedom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "put up one's dukes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unduke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duke it out"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "fro:duc",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"dux, ducem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déwkti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*doukō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dūcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dux\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"duc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"duke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"duke\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duc"
},
"expansion": "Old French duc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "dux, ducis"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux, ducis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heretoga"
},
"expansion": "Old English heretoga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
"3": "duc",
"4": "duce",
"5": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herzog"
},
"expansion": "German Herzog",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\nFrom Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, which is also the source of the second component in German Herzog.\nThe “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dukes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duke (plural dukes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ducal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duchess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grand duchy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 1 39 6 1 1 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "en:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess)."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun-tQT9~YBh",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"duchy",
"duchy"
],
[
"duchess",
"duchess#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dukë"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dūq",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دُوق"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "dukʻs",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "դուքս"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hercʻog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "հերցոգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hersoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hjércah",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцаг"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vajavóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ваяво́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "ḍiuk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ডিউক"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hércog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́рцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дук"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vojvóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "войво́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "gung¹ zoek³",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "gōngjué",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vévoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ducat"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duko"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertsog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herttua"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West-Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hartoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "hercogi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ჰერცოგი ერისთავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herzog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "doúkas",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούκας"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "doúx",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Byzantine"
],
"word": "δούξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "דוכס"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dukás",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "דֻּכָּס"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "śāsak",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herceg"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duca"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"alt": "こうしゃく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōshaku",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "kinäz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "кінәз"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "gercog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "герцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "caw pñiə",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ចៅពញា"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "nĕək ʼokñaa",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "អ្នកឧកញ៉ា"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"alt": "公爵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gongjak",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "공작"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "gertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "герцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "knyaz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "князь"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gercogs"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Medieval",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dux"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogs"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogas"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vojvoda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "војвода"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "demang"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "gung",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ᡤᡠᠩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duic"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "tiuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "gün",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гүн"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "güng",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ᠭᠦ᠋ᠩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pro",
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ealdorman"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eorl"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heretoga"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "ḍyuk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ډیوک"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "دوک"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "książę"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wojewoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gércog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vojevóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воево́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diùc"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "во̀јвода"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vòjvoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wójwoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertig"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "gertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "гертсог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "duka",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "دوقه"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "gersog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hércoh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vojevóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воєво́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ڈْیُوک"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "kinez",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "كىنەز"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "gersog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"alt": "公爵",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "công tước"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 1 29 0 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "hertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הערצאָג"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The sovereign of a small state."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun-AJBBlNX3",
"links": [
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 69 15 2 2 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "en:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "baron"
},
{
"word": "count"
},
{
"word": "countess"
},
{
"word": "earl"
},
{
"word": "jarl"
},
{
"word": "marquis"
},
{
"word": "marquess"
},
{
"word": "viscount"
},
{
"word": "prince"
},
{
"word": "monarch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "title"
},
{
"word": "holder"
}
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun--Ih7pRX4",
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"dukedom",
"dukedom"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "hersoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hércog",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́рцог"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дук"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vévoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "herttua"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "doúkas",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούκας"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "doúx",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "herceg"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogs"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogas"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vojvoda",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "војвода"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "tiuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ealdorman"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eorl"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heretoga"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "książę"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diùc"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 0 74 1 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "hertsog",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הערצאָג"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grand duke."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun-3vgBpcu8",
"links": [
[
"grand duke",
"grand duke"
]
],
"translations": [
{
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"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "velík hércog",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вели́к хе́рцог"
},
{
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"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "velkovévoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Europe",
"German",
"Luxembourg",
"Western",
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"states",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "da",
"english": "Moscow and tsarist Finland",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"common-gender"
],
"translation": "Moscow and tsarist Finland",
"word": "storfyrste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "suurherttua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Großherzog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Liechtenstein",
"Switzerland",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Grossherzog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "mégas doúkas",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μέγας δούκας"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-diúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lielhercogs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "erchercogs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herzog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "golem vojvoda",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "голем војвода"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-duic"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wielki książe"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grão-duque"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ledük"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "hiledük"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 93 0 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "jiledük"
}
]
},
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 2 6 37 7 7 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 3 7 40 10 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Limenitidine butterflies",
"orig": "en:Limenitidine butterflies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Bassarona and Dophla."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun-rOZ9UrR5",
"links": [
[
"nymphalid",
"nymphalid"
],
[
"genera",
"genus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"text": "Put up your dukes!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"ref": "1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 438:",
"text": "“Your friend sure knows how to use his dukes. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 19:",
"text": "\"How did the sport go.\"\n\"O sparred a few rounds. Let the instructor have a few on the button.\"\n\"You must be tough.\"\n\"I can handle my dukes.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fist."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-noun-Y0-nQcdE",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, usually in the plural) A fist."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 1 1 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "jumrúk",
"sense": "slang: fist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "юмру́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 1 1 96",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "màt",
"sense": "slang: fist",
"word": "หมัด"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʒuːk/",
"note": "yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/djuːk/",
"note": "non-yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/duːk/",
"note": "yod-dropping"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg/En-uk-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg/En-us-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːk"
},
{
"homophone": "juke"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duke it out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duke in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duke it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duke out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duke up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "fro:duc",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"dux, ducem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déwkti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*doukō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dūcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dux\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"duc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"duke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"duke\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duc"
},
"expansion": "Old French duc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "dux, ducis"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux, ducis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heretoga"
},
"expansion": "Old English heretoga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
"3": "duc",
"4": "duce",
"5": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herzog"
},
"expansion": "German Herzog",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\nFrom Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, which is also the source of the second component in German Herzog.\nThe “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dukes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle duking, simple past and past participle duked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"ref": "2003, John A. Dinan, Private Eyes in the Comics, →ISBN, page 65:",
"text": "It seems that PI Rainer was duked by his wife […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit or beat with the fists."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-verb-3g6CJ2lA",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) To hit or beat with the fists."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"text": "I duked him twenty dollars.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give cash to; to give a tip to."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-verb-MSsfmTAw",
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"cash",
"cash"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, transitive) To give cash to; to give a tip to."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tip"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 10 3 6 22 10 10 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 3 6 24 10 9 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 2 4 31 7 6 5 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 3 6 29 9 9 8 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 5 22 6 6 5 19 11 5 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 1 3 25 4 4 3 21 20 3 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 2 6 29 9 9 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform the duties of, or rule over as, a duke."
],
"id": "en-duke-en-verb-9iY-CopS",
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʒuːk/",
"note": "yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/djuːk/",
"note": "non-yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/duːk/",
"note": "yod-dropping"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg/En-uk-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg/En-us-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːk"
},
{
"homophone": "juke"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From older nduke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "tuke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "ty",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "tye",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "te",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "tyke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "duke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(while) singing, by singing",
"text": "duke kënduar",
"translation": "(while) singing, by singing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particle which precedes a participle to form a gerundive adverbial phrase."
],
"id": "en-duke-sq-particle-2hMpR7Ab",
"links": [
[
"participle",
"participle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdukɛ]"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "duke # third-person singular",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "allocutive dikek",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "allocutive diken",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izan<nor-nork>"
},
"expansion": "duke (masculine allocutive dikek, feminine allocutive diken)\n# third-person singular, with third-person singular direct object, future indicative of izan (“to have”, transitive auxiliary)",
"name": "eu-verb form"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧ke"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧ke"
]
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-duke-eu-verb-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"of izan",
"with third-person singular direct object"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"future",
"indicative",
"no-gloss",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duke/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ke]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uke"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "es",
"3": "duque"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish duque",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish duque.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dúke",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dukesa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dúke",
"b": "+",
"f": "dukesa"
},
"expansion": "dúke (feminine dukesa, Basahan spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜒ)",
"name": "bcl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du",
"ke"
]
}
],
"lang": "Central Bikol",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Bikol entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Bikol terms with Basahan script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Bikol terms with missing Basahan script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duke"
],
"id": "en-duke-bcl-noun-9oBEYPUJ",
"links": [
[
"duke",
"duke#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduke/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪u.ke]"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "duke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "duke",
"word": "duk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 5 22 6 6 5 19 11 5 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 1 3 25 4 4 3 21 20 3 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"id": "en-duke-enm-noun-dxQRdRY0",
"links": [
[
"duk",
"duk#Middle_English:_duke"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "duke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "douken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of douken"
],
"id": "en-duke-enm-verb-smhXh16j",
"links": [
[
"douken",
"douken#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Caxton) alternative form of douken"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dukes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dukit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukes",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
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{
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},
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{
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"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
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"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "dukit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
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},
{
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}
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"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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],
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[
"cut in",
"cut in"
]
],
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"(intransitive) To cut into a queue, without permission."
],
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]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"text": "Oi, dinnae duke us!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut into a queue in front of someone."
],
"id": "en-duke-sco-verb-O5ObWg3n",
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"(transitive) To cut into a queue in front of someone."
],
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]
}
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},
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"2": "la",
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"word": "artsiduke"
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]
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},
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]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uke"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From older nduke.",
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]
},
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{
"english": "(while) singing, by singing",
"text": "duke kënduar",
"translation": "(while) singing, by singing"
}
],
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],
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]
]
}
],
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}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "duke # third-person singular",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "allocutive dikek",
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]
},
{
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]
}
],
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},
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],
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]
}
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"Basque terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:Basque/e/2 syllables",
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"Rhymes:Basque/uke/2 syllables"
],
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"with third-person singular direct object"
],
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"future",
"indicative",
"no-gloss",
"transitive"
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}
],
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"ipa": "/duke/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪u.ke]"
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
}
],
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}
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"2": "es",
"3": "duque"
},
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"name": "bor+"
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
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"form": "dukesa",
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]
}
],
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],
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]
}
],
"lang": "Central Bikol",
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"Central Bikol lemmas",
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"Central Bikol terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages with entries"
],
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}
],
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}
{
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"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English male equivalent nouns",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːk",
"Rhymes:English/uːk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle French translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Old Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Limenitidine butterflies",
"en:Male people",
"en:Nobility"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "archduke"
},
{
"word": "beduke"
},
{
"word": "Duke blue"
},
{
"word": "duke cherry"
},
{
"word": "Duke City"
},
{
"word": "dukedom"
},
{
"word": "duke it out"
},
{
"word": "dukeling"
},
{
"word": "dukely"
},
{
"word": "Duke of Norfolk's Island"
},
{
"word": "Duke of York's Island"
},
{
"word": "dukery"
},
{
"word": "Dukes County"
},
{
"word": "dukeship"
},
{
"word": "dukicide"
},
{
"word": "grand duke"
},
{
"word": "grand dukedom"
},
{
"word": "put up one's dukes"
},
{
"word": "unduke"
}
],
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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"2": ":der",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"dux, ducem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déwkti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*doukō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dūcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dux\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"duc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"duke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"duke\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Old French duc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "duk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "dux, ducis"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heretoga"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
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"4": "duce",
"5": "dux"
},
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},
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herzog"
},
"expansion": "German Herzog",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\nFrom Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, which is also the source of the second component in German Herzog.\nThe “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ducal"
},
{
"word": "duchess"
},
{
"word": "duchy"
},
{
"word": "grand duchy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"duchy",
"duchy"
],
[
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"duchess#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The sovereign of a small state."
],
"links": [
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
]
},
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "baron"
},
{
"word": "count"
},
{
"word": "countess"
},
{
"word": "earl"
},
{
"word": "jarl"
},
{
"word": "marquis"
},
{
"word": "marquess"
},
{
"word": "viscount"
},
{
"word": "prince"
},
{
"word": "monarch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "title"
},
{
"word": "holder"
}
],
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"dukedom",
"dukedom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grand duke."
],
"links": [
[
"grand duke",
"grand duke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genera Bassarona and Dophla."
],
"links": [
[
"nymphalid",
"nymphalid"
],
[
"genera",
"genus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"text": "Put up your dukes!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"ref": "1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 438:",
"text": "“Your friend sure knows how to use his dukes. Biff, bang! One, two, and the copʼs on his ass!”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 19:",
"text": "\"How did the sport go.\"\n\"O sparred a few rounds. Let the instructor have a few on the button.\"\n\"You must be tough.\"\n\"I can handle my dukes.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fist."
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, usually in the plural) A fist."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʒuːk/",
"note": "yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/djuːk/",
"note": "non-yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/duːk/",
"note": "yod-dropping"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg/En-uk-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg/En-us-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːk"
},
{
"homophone": "juke"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dukë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dūq",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دُوق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "dukʻs",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "դուքս"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hercʻog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "հերցոգ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hersoq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hjércah",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцаг"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vajavóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ваяво́да"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "ḍiuk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ডিউক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hércog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́рцог"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дук"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vojvóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "войво́да"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "gung¹ zoek³",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "gōngjué",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vévoda"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ducat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertsog"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herttua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West-Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hartoch"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "hercogi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ჰერცოგი ერისთავი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herzog"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "doúkas",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούκας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "doúx",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Byzantine"
],
"word": "δούξ"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "דוכס"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dukás",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "דֻּכָּס"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "śāsak",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herceg"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diúc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duca"
},
{
"alt": "こうしゃく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōshaku",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "公爵"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "kinäz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "кінәз"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "gercog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "герцог"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "caw pñiə",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ចៅពញា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "nĕək ʼokñaa",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "អ្នកឧកញ៉ា"
},
{
"alt": "公爵",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gongjak",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "공작"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "gertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "герцог"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "knyaz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "князь"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gercogs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Medieval",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dux"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogs"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertog"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vojvoda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "војвода"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "demang"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "gung",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ᡤᡠᠩ"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duic"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "tiuka"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "gün",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гүн"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "güng",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ᠭᠦ᠋ᠩ"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "pro",
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ealdorman"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eorl"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heretoga"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "ḍyuk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ډیوک"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "دوک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "książę"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wojewoda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gércog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцог"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vojevóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воево́да"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diùc"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "во̀јвода"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vòjvoda"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wójwoda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "gertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "гертсог"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duka"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "duka",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "دوقه"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "gersog"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hércoh",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́рцог"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "knjazʹ",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "князь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vojevóda",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воєво́да"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ڈْیُوک"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "kinez",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "كىنەز"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "gersog"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"alt": "公爵",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "công tước"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "hertsog",
"sense": "male ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הערצאָג"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "hersoq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "knyaz"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hércog",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́рцог"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "duk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дук"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vévoda"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "herttua"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "doúkas",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούκας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "doúx",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δούξ"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "herceg"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertogi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "adipati"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diúc"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogs"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hercogas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vojvoda",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "војвода"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "tiuka"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍyūk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ड्यूक"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duc"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertug"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ealdorman"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eorl"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heretoga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "książę"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duce"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diùc"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojvoda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duque"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duk"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "hertsog",
"sense": "male holder of a dukedom",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הערצאָג"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "velík hércog",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вели́к хе́рцог"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "velkovévoda"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Europe",
"German",
"Luxembourg",
"Western",
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"states",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"code": "da",
"english": "Moscow and tsarist Finland",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"common-gender"
],
"translation": "Moscow and tsarist Finland",
"word": "storfyrste"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "suurherttua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Großherzog"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"Liechtenstein",
"Switzerland",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Grossherzog"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "mégas doúkas",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μέγας δούκας"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-diúc"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lielhercogs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "erchercogs"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herzog"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "golem vojvoda",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "голем војвода"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ard-duic"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "storhertug"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wielki książe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grão-duque"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dúk",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ดุ๊ก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dà-yúk",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ดยุก"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"word": "ledük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hiledük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "grand duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jiledük"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "jumrúk",
"sense": "slang: fist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "юмру́к"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "màt",
"sense": "slang: fist",
"word": "หมัด"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English male equivalent nouns",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːk",
"Rhymes:English/uːk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle French translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Old Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Limenitidine butterflies",
"en:Male people",
"en:Nobility"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "duke in"
},
{
"word": "duke it"
},
{
"word": "duke it out"
},
{
"word": "duke out"
},
{
"word": "duke up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "fro:duc",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"dux, ducem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lead\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déwkti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*doukō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dūcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dux\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"duc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"duke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"duke\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duc"
},
"expansion": "Old French duc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "dux, ducis"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux, ducis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heretoga"
},
"expansion": "Old English heretoga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
"3": "duc",
"4": "duce",
"5": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Herzog"
},
"expansion": "German Herzog",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nLatin -s\nLatin dux, ducemlbor.\nOld French ducder.\nEnglish duke\nFrom Old French duc, through Middle English duk, duke, from Latin dux, ducis. Displaced native Old English heretoga. Was present as duc in late Old English, from the same Latin source. Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and dux. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, which is also the source of the second component in German Herzog.\nThe “fist” sense is thought to be Cockney rhyming slang where “Duke(s) of York” = fork. Fork is itself Cockney slang for hand, and thus fist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dukes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle duking, simple past and past participle duked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"ref": "2003, John A. Dinan, Private Eyes in the Comics, →ISBN, page 65:",
"text": "It seems that PI Rainer was duked by his wife […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit or beat with the fists."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) To hit or beat with the fists."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"text": "I duked him twenty dollars.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give cash to; to give a tip to."
],
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"cash",
"cash"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, transitive) To give cash to; to give a tip to."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tip"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To perform the duties of, or rule over as, a duke."
],
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʒuːk/",
"note": "yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/djuːk/",
"note": "non-yod-coalescence"
},
{
"ipa": "/duːk/",
"note": "yod-dropping"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg/En-uk-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/En-uk-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-duke.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg/En-us-duke.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-duke.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːk"
},
{
"homophone": "juke"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "duke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "duke",
"word": "duk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"links": [
[
"duk",
"duk#Middle_English:_duke"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "duke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "douken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of douken"
],
"links": [
[
"douken",
"douken#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Caxton) alternative form of douken"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "dukes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dukin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dukit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dukit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukes",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "dukit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dukes",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "dukin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "dukit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle dukin, simple past and past participle dukit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dukes",
"2": "dukin",
"3": "dukit",
"4": "dukit"
},
"expansion": "duke (third-person singular simple present dukes, present participle dukin, simple past and past participle dukit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scots intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cut into a queue, without permission."
],
"links": [
[
"cut in",
"cut in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cut into a queue, without permission."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Scots usage examples",
"Scots terms with usage examples",
"Scots transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"text": "Oi, dinnae duke us!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut into a queue in front of someone."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut into a queue in front of someone."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "duque",
"4": "",
"5": "duke"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish duque (“duke”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duc"
},
"expansion": "Old French duc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish duque (“duke”), from Old French duc, from Latin dux.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜇᜓᜃᜒ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "duke (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜒ)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧ke"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧ke"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "artsidukado"
},
{
"word": "artsiduke"
},
{
"word": "artsidukesa"
},
{
"word": "dukado"
},
{
"word": "dukesa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/uke",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/uke/2 syllables",
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog nouns",
"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms derived from Latin",
"Tagalog terms derived from Old French",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"glosses": [
"duke"
],
"links": [
[
"duke",
"duke#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduke/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uː.x̠ɛ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uke"
}
],
"word": "duke"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duke meaning in All languages combined (53.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": voivode vs. vajavóda",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": voivode vs. vojvóda",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": eristavi vs. hercogi",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": voivode vs. vojevóda",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": voivode vs. vojevóda",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'duke # third-person singular' in 'duke (masculine allocutive dikek, feminine allocutive diken) # third-person singular, with third-person singular direct object, future indicative of izan (“to have”, transitive auxiliary)'",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "Basque",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: “to have”",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "Basque",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Basahan spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜒ",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "Central Bikol",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Caxton",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Caxton",
"path": [
"duke"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "duke",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.